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As we get older, many of us will experience some degree of vision loss. The most common cause of this is cataracts, a condition which is estimated to affect 22 million Americans over the age of 40. A cataract is where the lens of the eye (which is located behind the iris and pupil) becomes cloudy. As the lens is responsible for focusing the images we see, this clouding results in blurred vision and a reduced ability to see color.
There are three main types of cataract, each of which affects a specific area of the lens:
The Causes of Cataracts
The eye's lens is composed predominately of water and proteins. The proteins are carefully arranged so that light can easily pass through the lens, keeping vision sharp and clear. However, should the arrangement of these proteins be altered, they may begin to clump together in a part of the lens, forming a cataract. This will make it difficult for light to pass through this area, resulting in blurred vision.
There is no one single cause of this clumping, and instead it can result from multiple factors. Specific causes include smoking, diabetes and high exposure to ultraviolet radiation. However, the most common cause of cataracts is age, as the lens is prone to degeneration over time.
The Prevention and Treatment of Cataracts
Whilst cataracts are often seen as an unavoidable consequence of age, there are preventative measures that can be taken. Studies have shown that proper nutrition can help prevent cataracts. Fruit and vegetables that are high in antioxidants, such as spinach and blueberries, can help prevent the clumping of lens proteins. High intake of vitamin E and carotenoids is also associated with reduced risk of cataracts. These nutrients can be found in sunflower seeds and green, leafy vegetables.
However, should a cataract develop enough to significantly blur and impair your vision, it is advised that you consider a surgical treatment. Cataract surgery, carried out by a specialist eye surgeon like Todd S. Kirk, MD, is a common and safe procedure. During the procedure, the surgeon will remove the affected lens and replace it with a plastic intraocular lens, which will allow the patient to see clearly.
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